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Acidithiobacillus caldus
''Acidithiobacillus caldus'' formerly belonged to the genus ''Thiobacillus'' prior to the year 2000, at which point it was reclassified along with a number of other bacterial species into one of three new genera that better categorize sulfur-oxidizing acidophiles...〔Kelly, Donovan P. and Ann P. Wood (2000). "Reclassification of some species of ''Thiobacillus'' to the newly designated genera ''Acidithiobacillus'' gen. nov., ''Halothiobacillus'' gen. nov. and ''Thermithiobacillus'' gen. nov."''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology''50: 511-516.〕 As a member of the Gammaproteobacteria class of Proteobacteria, ''A. caldus'' may be identified as a Gram-negative bacterium that is frequently found in pairs.〔Hallberg, Kevin B. and E. Börje Lindström. (1994). "Characterization of Thiobacillus caldus sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic acidophile." Microbiology 140 (12): 3451-3456.〕 Considered to be one of the most common microbes involved in biomining, it is capable of oxidizing reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISC's) that form during the breakdown of sulfide minerals.〔Rzhepishevska, Olena I., et al. (2007). "Regulation of a novel ''Acidithiobacillus caldus'' gene cluster involved in metabolism of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds."''Applied Environmental Microbiology''73 (22): 7367-7372.〕 The meaning of the prefix 'acidi-' in the name ''Acidithiobacillus'' comes from the Latin word 'acidus', signifying that members of this genus love a sour, acidic environment. 'Thio' is derived from the Greek word 'thios' and describes the utilization of sulfur as an energy source, and 'bacillus' provides a description of the shape of these microorganisms, which are small rods.〔 The species name, ''caldus'', is derived from the Latin word for 'warm' or 'hot', denoting this species' love of a warm environment.
== History ==
''Thiobacillus caldus'' was reclassified into ''Acidithiobacillus'', one of three new genera (also including ''Halothiobacillus'' and ''Thermithiobacillus'') created to further classify members of the genus which fall into the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-classes of the ''Proteobacteria''. ''Thiobacillus'' species exhibit a tremendous amount of diversity in physiology as well as DNA composition, which was one reason for reclassification of this species into a new genus containing four species of acidophiles (microorganisms which function best in an acidic environment), some of which are also capable of oxidizing iron() and sulfide minerals.〔
''A. caldus'', originally isolated from spoils of unneeded rocks encountered when mining coal, was the first acidophilic species of thermophilic ''Thiobacilli'' to be described.〔 The type strain of this species, DSM 8584, also known as strain KU, has been deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, a collection of microorganisms in Germany.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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